| Global Healthcare Issue |
Universal Health Coverage |
| Description |
According to the World Health Organization (2023), UHC is defined as the ability of all people to obtain the required healthcare services without putting excessive physical, financial, or social pressure on them. It refers to the different services offered in the management of the condition, such as preventive, curative, restorative, and end-of-life care. Achieving UHC requires strong health systems, adequate funding, and equitable distribution of resources to ensure that everyone, regardless of socio-economic status, can access quality. |
| Country |
United States |
Philippines: PhilHealth |
| Describe the policy in each country related to the identified healthcare issue. |
Medicaid provides health coverage to low-income individuals, families, children, pregnant women, the elderly, and people with disabilities. It is funded jointly by state and federal governments (Medicaid, 2022). |
PhilHealth aims to ensure that all Filipinos have access to affordable health services (PhilHealth, 2023). Member contributions, government subsidies, and sin tax revenues fund it. |
| What are the strengths of this policy? |
It covers various health services, including hospital and outpatient care, nursing home care, and home health care. It reduces the financial burden for low-income families. |
Covers a comprehensive range of health services. Has a no-balance billing policy for indigent and sponsored members in public hospitals. |
| What are the weaknesses of this policy? |
Varies significantly between states in terms of coverage and eligibility (Jackson et al., 2021). Administrative complexity can be a barrier to access. |
Funding constraints and inefficiencies. Limited coverage for certain high-cost treatments and specialized care. |
| Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the specified global health issue. (Be specific and provide examples) |
Income, education, and geographical location impact access to Medicaid services. For instance, rural areas may have fewer healthcare providers accepting Medicaid. |
Poverty, education, and urban-rural disparities influence access to PhilHealth services. Many rural areas lack healthcare facilities, affecting access to covered services. |
| How has each country’s government addressed cost, quality, and access to the selected global health issue? |
The federal government sets broad guidelines, but states have flexibility in implementing Medicaid, leading to variation in quality and access. Efforts to expand Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act aimed at improving access. |
The Philippine government has increased funding through the sin tax law. It aims to improve quality and access through the Universal Health Care Act, which integrates local health systems and aims for comprehensive service delivery. |
| How has the identified health policy impacted the health of the global population? (Be specific and provide examples) |
Medicaid expansion under the ACA significantly increased insured rates and access to healthcare services among low-income populations. |
PhilHealth has improved access to health services for many Filipinos, particularly the poor and vulnerable, but challenges remain in ensuring consistent quality of care. |
| Describe the potential impact of the identified health policy on the role of nurses in each country. |
Nurses in the U.S. often play a critical role in managing care for Medicaid patients, including care coordination and preventive services. |
Filipino nurses are essential in delivering PhilHealth-covered services, particularly in public hospitals and rural health units, which often face challenges due to resource constraints. |
Explain how global he
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